Last updated: 18 October 2026
Short answer: CLAT PG passages are extracts from judgments and statutes, and recent Supreme Court rulings are a favourite source. The 30 judgments below, delivered between January and mid October 2026, are the ones most worth reading for CLAT PG 2027 on 6 December 2026. They cover every subject on the official syllabus, from passive euthanasia and the Bihar electoral roll revision to strict liability, insider trading and the meaning of “industry”. Each entry gives the date, the bench, the holding and the angle from which a question is likely.
Each ruling fits a syllabus subject and links to an older precedent. Dates, benches and citations were checked against reports of the judgments; where the exact date could not be confirmed, only the month is given.
January to March 2026
1. Gulfisha Fatima v. State (NCT of Delhi), 5 January 2026, Aravind Kumar and N.V. Anjaria JJ. In the UAPA “larger conspiracy” case arising from the 2020 Delhi riots, the Court refused bail to Umar Khalid and Sharjeel Imam, finding a prima facie central role, but granted conditional bail to five co-accused. Exam angle: the “prima facie true” bar in section 43D(5) UAPA, and how it sits with K.A. Najeeb (2021) on prolonged custody and Article 21.
2. Kanchana Rai v. Geeta Sharma, 2026 INSC 54, January 2026, Pankaj Mithal and S.V.N. Bhatti JJ. A son’s widow is a “dependant” under section 21(vii) of the Hindu Adoptions and Maintenance Act, 1956 whether she was widowed before or after her father-in-law died, and can claim maintenance from his estate under section 22. A narrower reading was called arbitrary under Article 14. Exam angle: sections 19, 21 and 22 HAMA.
3. Centre for Public Interest Litigation v. Union of India, January 2026, B.V. Nagarathna and K.V. Viswanathan JJ. A split verdict on section 17A of the Prevention of Corruption Act, 1988, which requires prior approval before any inquiry into a public servant’s official decisions. Justice Nagarathna struck it down under Article 14; Justice Viswanathan upheld it, provided approval turns on the recommendation of the Lokpal or Lokayukta. Exam angle: the 2018 amendment, and reference of a split verdict to a larger bench.
4. Authority for Advance Rulings (Income Tax) v. Tiger Global International II Holdings, 15 January 2026, J.B. Pardiwala and R. Mahadevan JJ. Gains from the sale of Flipkart’s Singapore shares by Mauritius entities were held taxable in India. A tax residency certificate is not conclusive proof of treaty benefit, and the treaty’s grandfathering clause covers only direct transfers. Exam angle: treaty shopping, substance over form, and contrast with Azadi Bachao Andolan (2003).
5. Dr. Jaya Thakur v. Government of India, 2026 INSC 97, 30 January 2026, J.B. Pardiwala and R. Mahadevan JJ. Menstrual health was held to be part of the right to life under Article 21 and the right to education under Article 21A, with Article 14 requiring affirmative steps to remove barriers. Schools must provide toilets and menstrual absorbents within three months. Exam angle: substantive equality and continuing mandamus.
6. State of West Bengal v. Confederation of State Government Employees, 2026 INSC 123, 5 February 2026, Sanjay Karol and Prashant Kumar Mishra JJ. Dearness allowance, once payable under the service rules, is an enforceable right, and the State cannot plead lack of funds. A committee chaired by Justice Indu Malhotra (retd.) was set up to fix the payment schedule. Exam angle: the State as a model employer; livelihood under Article 21.
7. Harish Rana v. Union of India, 2026 INSC 222, 11 March 2026, J.B. Pardiwala and K.V. Viswanathan JJ. Clinically assisted nutrition and hydration is medical treatment, not basic care, and may be withheld or withdrawn as passive euthanasia. The Court allowed withdrawal for a man in a persistent vegetative state for 13 years, applying the Common Cause guidelines. Exam angle: Aruna Shanbaug (2011), Common Cause (2018, modified 2023), and the right to die with dignity.
8. Hamsaanandini Nanduri v. Union of India, 2026 INSC 246, 17 March 2026, J.B. Pardiwala and R. Mahadevan JJ. Section 60(4) of the Code on Social Security, 2020, which gave adoptive mothers maternity benefit only if the child was under three months old, was held to violate Article 14 and read down: every adoptive mother gets 12 weeks from the date the child is handed over. Exam angle: under-inclusive classification, reading down, and adoption as reproductive autonomy under Article 21.
9. Chinthada Anand v. State of Andhra Pradesh, 2026 INSC 283, 24 March 2026, Prashant Kumar Mishra and Manmohan JJ. A person who professes Christianity cannot claim Scheduled Caste status or invoke the SC/ST (Prevention of Atrocities) Act, and a State certificate cannot override the Constitution (Scheduled Castes) Order, 1950. Exam angle: paragraph 3 of the 1950 Order and Article 341.
April to June 2026
10. In Re: Phalodi Accident v. National Highways Authority of India, 2026 INSC 388, 13 April 2026, J.K. Maheshwari and Atul S. Chandurkar JJ. Acting suo motu on 34 deaths in two 2025 highway accidents, the Court held commuter safety to be part of the right to live with dignity under Article 21 and issued interim directions under Article 142. Exam angle: positive obligations of the State.
11. NagreeKa Indcon Products v. Cargocare Logistics (India), 2026 INSC 384, 17 April 2026, Sanjay Karol and N. Kotiswar Singh JJ. A clause saying disputes “can” be referred to arbitration only signals a possibility and is not a binding arbitration agreement. Exam angle: section 7 of the Arbitration and Conciliation Act, 1996 and Jagdish Chander v. Ramesh Chander (2007).
12. Gunjan v. State (NCT of Delhi), 2026 INSC 468, 11 May 2026, Prashant Kumar Mishra and N.V. Anjaria JJ. Caste abuse inside a purely private house, not accessible to the public, is not “within public view” under section 3(1)(r) and (s) of the SC/ST Act. Exam angle: the line drawn in Hitesh Verma v. State of Uttarakhand (2020).
13. Padam Mehta v. State of Rajasthan, 2026 INSC 476, 12 May 2026, Vikram Nath and Sandeep Mehta JJ. Education in one’s mother tongue was held to flow from Article 19(1)(a), and Rajasthan was directed to frame a policy introducing Rajasthani in education. Exam angle: Article 350A and language rights.
14. Pune Bar Association v. Union of India, 22 May 2026, Surya Kant CJI, Joymalya Bagchi and Vipul M. Pancholi JJ. The certificate requirement for electronic records in section 63(4) of the Bharatiya Sakshya Adhiniyam, 2023, including hash value disclosure, is not manifestly arbitrary. A person with proven expertise in computer science or cyber forensics may sign the expert part. Exam angle: successor to section 65B and Arjun Panditrao Khotkar (2020).
15. Association for Democratic Reforms v. Election Commission of India, 27 May 2026, Surya Kant CJI and Joymalya Bagchi J. The Special Intensive Revision of Bihar’s electoral rolls was upheld as traceable to section 21(3) of the Representation of the People Act, 1950 read with Article 324. The Commission may examine citizenship only prima facie, for inclusion in the roll, and must refer doubtful cases to the authority under the Citizenship Act. Exam angle: Articles 324 and 326.
16. State of Tamil Nadu v. Junglee Games India, 2026 INSC 594, 27 May 2026, J.B. Pardiwala and R. Mahadevan JJ. Even a game of skill, when played for stakes, is “betting” under Entry 34 of the State List, so States may prohibit it, and such betting has no protection under Article 19(1)(g). The contrary Madras and Karnataka High Court rulings were set aside. Exam angle: R.M.D. Chamarbaugwala (1957) and K.R. Lakshmanan (1996).
17. Shishu Pal v. Surjeet, 2026 INSC 634, 11 June 2026, Sanjay Karol and N. Kotiswar Singh JJ. For a homemaker’s death in a road accident, the Court created a new head, “loss of domestic care”, at Rs 30,000 a month, rising 10 per cent every three years, and raised the award from Rs 8.43 lakh to Rs 62.78 lakh. Exam angle: valuing unpaid work after Kirti v. Oriental Insurance (2021).
18. Maniyar Iliyaz v. P. Ayyappan, 2026 INSC 647, 19 June 2026, P.S. Narasimha and Atul S. Chandurkar JJ. While enhancing compensation for a child killed by a tanker on the way to school, the Court declared the right to walk on safe footpaths a fundamental right and held civic bodies under an enforceable duty to build and maintain them. Exam angle: expanding Article 21.
Practise on the actual text. The Lexfolio CLAT PG 2027 Judgment Passages set turns key 2026 rulings into exam style extracts with question sets and explained answers, grouped by syllabus subject.
July to mid October 2026
19. Mahinder v. Puran Singh, 2026 INSC 698, 14 July 2026, Sanjay Karol and N. Kotiswar Singh JJ. The preferential right of co-heirs under section 22 of the Hindu Succession Act, 1956 applies to inherited agricultural land; Babu Ram (2019) was correctly decided and Parliament had competence under Entry 5 of the Concurrent List. Exam angle: distinguishing the pre-emption law struck down in Atam Prakash (1986).
20. Sayara Khatoon v. State of Bihar, 23 July 2026, M.M. Sundresh and Prasanna B. Varale JJ. A policy allowing compassionate appointment only to divorced or deserted daughters, and excluding married daughters, violates Article 14; marriage does not sever a daughter’s tie with her family. Exam angle: gender based classification in service law.
21. Vanashakti v. Union of India, 2026 INSC 761, 29 July 2026, Surya Kant CJI, Joymalya Bagchi and Vipul M. Pancholi JJ. Prior environmental clearance under the EIA Notification, 2006 remains the rule. The Union may create a narrow, time bound exception by delegated legislation under section 3 of the Environment (Protection) Act, so the one time 2017 Notification was upheld, but the 2021 office memorandum was quashed as a perpetual amnesty. Exam angle: Common Cause (2017) and Alembic Pharmaceuticals (2020).
22. OTIS Elevator Co. (India) v. Rashmi Handa, 2026 INSC 756, 29 July 2026, P.S. Narasimha and Alok Aradhe JJ. Passenger lifts are common carriers owing a heightened duty of care, and a maintenance contractor that fails to fix known defects is liable for deficiency in service. Exam angle: standard of care in tort and consumer law.
23. Lokesh B.H. v. State of Karnataka, 2026 INSC 784, 3 August 2026, Sanjay Karol and N. Kotiswar Singh JJ. Section 498A IPC can extend to a live-in relationship that has the attributes of marriage and an established intent to marry, with the Arnesh Kumar arrest safeguards applying. Exam angle: D. Velusamy (2010) on relationships “in the nature of marriage”, and sections 85 and 86 BNS.
24. SEBI v. Rajeev Vasant Sheth, 2026 INSC 826, 11 August 2026, Sanjay Karol and N. Kotiswar Singh JJ. Once possession of unpublished price sensitive information and trading while it was current are shown, the purpose of the trade and the size of the profit are irrelevant. The defences in Regulation 4(1) of the insider trading regulations are not exhaustive, but new ones must be of a similar kind. Exam angle: SEBI (Prohibition of Insider Trading) Regulations, 2015.
25. Karnataka Power Transmission Corporation v. Rekha, 2026 INSC 847, 12 August 2026, Sanjay Karol and N. Kotiswar Singh JJ. Electricity authorities face strict, not absolute, liability for electrocution, disputed facts belong before the competent forum rather than a writ court. Exam angle: Rylands v. Fletcher, M.C. Mehta (1987) and M.P. Electricity Board v. Shail Kumar (2002).
26. State of U.P. v. Jai Bir Singh, 2026 INSC 897, 20 August 2026, nine judge bench led by Surya Kant CJI. On the meaning of “industry”, the bench held that the triple test of Bangalore Water Supply (1978) continues to govern disputes pending under the now repealed Industrial Disputes Act, 1947, while the definition in the Industrial Relations Code, 2020 must be read on its own text. Exam angle: the most important labour law ruling of the year.
27. Bhumika Trust v. Union of India, 2026 INSC 904, 21 August 2026, Surya Kant CJI, Augustine George Masih and K. Vinod Chandran JJ (2:1, Justice Chandran dissenting). The three year practice rule for civil judge recruitment set in May 2025 was relaxed: fresh law graduates may apply until 31 March 2027, and from 1 April 2027 one year of practice will be needed, with training and clerkship after selection. Exam angle: Article 234 and judicial service eligibility.
28. Jaskaran Jeet Singh Deol v. State of Punjab, 2026 INSC 1022, 21 September 2026, Ujjal Bhuyan and Atul S. Chandurkar JJ. Where an accused is released because the arrest violated Article 22, re-arrest needs prior approval of the Magistrate, and a later charge sheet cannot validate an unconstitutional arrest. Exam angle: grounds of arrest after Pankaj Bansal (2023) and Prabir Purkayastha (2024).
29. Mahanadi Coalfields v. GSCO Infrastructure, 2026 INSC 1038, 23 September 2026, Sanjay Kumar and Sanjeev Sachdeva JJ. Holding hearings at a place does not by itself make it the juridical seat of arbitration; seat and venue are different. Exam angle: BGS SGS Soma (2019).
30. Just Rights for Children Alliance v. S. Harish, October 2026 (reported 17 October), J.B. Pardiwala and K. Vinod Chandran JJ. The right to access and use the internet was declared a fundamental right under Article 21 read with Article 19(1)(a), including for children, and blanket bans on children’s access were called disproportionate. The Union was directed to build a national database of hash values and URLs of child sexual exploitation and abuse material. Exam angle: Anuradha Bhasin (2020) and the 2024 ruling in the same case.
Quick map: judgments by syllabus subject
| Subject | Entries |
|---|---|
| Constitutional Law | 5, 7, 8, 9, 10, 13, 15, 18, 28, 30 |
| Administrative and Service Law | 6, 20, 27 |
| Criminal Law and Evidence | 1, 3, 12, 14, 23 |
| Family Law | 2, 19 |
| Contract and Arbitration | 11, 29 |
| Torts | 17, 22, 25 |
| Company, Tax and Labour Law | 4, 16, 24, 26 |
| Environmental Law | 21 |
For each case, write one line on the issue, one on the holding and one on the older precedent it builds on, and revise the list once in November and once in the final week. Our last 50 days plan shows where to fit this in, and our October 2026 legal current affairs covers rulings after this list closes.
Turn reading into marks. CLAT PG 2027 Judgment Passages gives you the 2026 rulings as timed passage sets, with the linked older precedents explained, in a printable PDF.
Frequently asked questions
Are recent judgments really asked in CLAT PG?
The official syllabus says passages are extracts from court decisions, statutes and regulations, so recent rulings are a natural source, alongside older landmarks.
What is the cut off date for judgments for CLAT PG 2027?
There is no official cut off. Papers are usually set some weeks before the exam, so judgments up to about October 2026 are the realistic outer limit.
*This article is general information, not legal advice.*